Young people who drink alcohol are more likely to engage in risky behaviors that can lead to injuries and other health conditions. They’re also more likely to experience social, academic, and legal issues. What many people might think of as a fun night out on the town can be very risky — or in some cases, life-threatening, Dr. Streem notes. More than half of all drinking-related deaths are caused by binge drinking. But both alcoholism and binge drinking can have similar health consequences.

Harmful effects of long-term alcohol use

And peer pressure doesn’t necessarily come in the form of friends loudly encouraging you to drink more. You might convince yourself that you need to drink to impress someone or fit in with the crowd. This can be particularly true of teens who want to drink to seem older or more mature. Maybe you feel overconfident in your ability to drive while intoxicated, or you don’t think of the risks involved with physical stunts or going home with a stranger. The immediate effect of that will be yet another, much worse hangover. Cullen says it’s tough to say just how much damage you could do after a single big weekend, but it’s possible to do real damage to your brain, liver, and heart.

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When a person is drinking heavily, they quickly lose control of themselves. Their senses become impaired and their balance falters or fails, frequently leading to injuries that would otherwise be easily avoidable. The decision-making process in a person’s brain also suffers significantly, and the drinker may feel that they can accomplish feats far beyond what is safe in their current, or even sober, state. Researchers blame this kind of heavy drinking for more than half of the roughly 88,000 alcohol-related deaths — from car crashes, alcohol poisoning, suicide, and violence — that happen every year. Or by depressing the gag reflex, which puts a person who has passed out at risk of choking on their own vomit. Binge drinking is defined as men consuming five or more drinks within about two hours.

Because of this initial effect, people often use alcohol to cope with social anxiety. You might binge drink in order to feel confident talking, flirting, or making jokes with strangers. Alcohol use continues to take up more of your time and energy, impacting your physical and mental health until you need to take serious steps to address your drinking problem. Although drinking this much might not seem like a big deal in the moment, you may regret your choices later.

Supporting change

Most American adults drink alcohol at least occasionally, but about 1 in 4 knock back several drinks in a short period of time at least once a year. About 1 in 6 American adults say they regularly binge drink, sometimes several times a month. Over the long run, alcohol increases the risk of several cancers, including cancer of the liver, mouth, throat, voice box, esophagus, colon, and rectum.

Current alcoholic beverage labels in the US warn of the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol, adverse effects on general health, and risks for a developing fetus — but there’s no mention of cancer. Alcohol use disorder is a pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling your drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol or continuing to use alcohol even when it long-term effects of binge drinking causes problems. This disorder also involves having to drink more to get the same effect or having withdrawal symptoms when you rapidly decrease or stop drinking. Alcohol use disorder includes a level of drinking that’s sometimes called alcoholism. This is the equivalent of having 5 drinks for men and 4 drinks for women within a 2-hour period.

While alcohol may initially create a feeling of relaxation or euphoria, long-term binge drinking can contribute to mental health problems. Many individuals turn to alcohol as a way to cope with stress or emotional pain, https://cima-ev.de/de/expert-reveals-what-happens-to-your-liver-when-you/ but this can lead to a cycle of dependency and emotional distress. Alcohol use can exacerbate mental health disorders, leading to a vicious cycle where the person drinks more to escape their feelings, which worsens their mental state. In addition to its effects on the brain, alcohol also affects the peripheral nervous system, which comprises the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

• This is especially the case when it comes to sexual choices and interactions.
• The first step in addressing binge drinking is recognizing the problem.
• For example, you might feel tempted to recline on your couch, drink beer, and watch television simply to kill the hours spent alone.
• Alcohol misuse can also lead to high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), or increased heart rate.
• But as you continue to drink, you become drowsy and have less control over your actions.

Excessive alcohol use includes:

Binge drinking is when you drink enough alcohol to bring your blood-alcohol content up to the legal limit for driving. That Sober living home works out to about five alcoholic drinks for men or four for women in less than 2 hours. A drink is 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of liquor.

For millions of people, it’s a regular part of the dining experience, social and sports events, celebrations, and milestones. And the alcoholic beverage industry is a major economic force, responsible for more than $250 billion in sales annually in the US. Heavy alcohol use can disturb the endocrine system, disrupting the hormones that help maintain the body’s stability and health.

This can result in blackouts, preventing a person from recalling what happened while they were intoxicated. By contrast, another 2023 study found similar rates of death between nondrinkers and light to moderate drinkers. For more information about alcohol and cancer, please visit the National Cancer Institute’s webpage “Alcohol and Cancer Risk” (last accessed June 6, 2024). Saying something like, “Well, that’s my one drink for the night,” might help your loved one remember their own limit. If you’re having a hard time shifting your focus from internal to external, consider the quality of your inner self-talk.

Employers have many different methods for compensating workers, including hourly wages, salary, bonuses, merit pay, cost-of-living increases, and commission. The independent work environment is always changing, influenced by technological advancements, economic shifts, and societal trends. Reports by Payoneer and Statista highlight the dynamism of this sector, showcasing the popularity of writing and translation services and the competitive rates commanding the market. Aspiring independent contractors should take into account the potential of platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and Freelancer.com, which serve as springboards for launching and sustaining a successful self-employed profession. These professionals work in the financial sector, facilitating transactions in securities, commodities, and other financial services. It’s a field that is both challenging and rewarding with high earnings potential.

Commission is popular in most sales jobs because their responsibilities are closely tied to the company’s revenue goals. Having the opportunity to earn a commission – sometimes a huge amount – motivates these individuals to achieve or get close to their quarterly or annual goals. Also called advertising sales representatives, these workers sell advertising space on online, broadcast, and print media platforms to businesses and individuals. Their job responsibilities include contacting potential clients, maintaining customer accounts, and making sales presentations.

Highest commission sales jobs

Explore what sales tools are and how they enhance efficiency and drive revenue growth. On the Stilt Blog, I write about the complex topics — like finance, immigration, and technology — to help immigrants make the most of their lives in the U.S. Our content and brand have been featured in Forbes, TechCrunch, VentureBeat, and more.

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Learn what they are so you can decide which type of career route is the better fit. Because most of these jobs are either partially or fully commission-based, you’re going to constantly be pushing to hit your sales quotas. If you want to thrive in a sales role, you should make sure that this kind of numbers-driven pressure “doesn’t stress you out, but…excites you,” says Kempa.

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After conducting a thorough discovery call, they provide potential customers with quotes, handle paperwork, and make sales presentations to potential and existing clients. This role requires you to establish a good professional working relationship with clients. This facilitates identifying pain points and recommending advertising services that best meet their needs. A printing sales rep sells printing services and printed materials to businesses within a designated territory.

This earning potential motivates to excel, providing tangible rewards for exceptional effort and innovative strategies. Keep in mind that working for a commission requires careful financial planning to navigate fluctuations in income and delayed payouts. Working in a commission-based job, whether as an employee or as a recruiter, is not for everyone.

Mid-Market Account Executive (India)

Finally, they’re all sales positions, which is why we’ll refer to them as salespeople throughout this piece. Commission-based employment is one in which the bulk of a person’s pay is determined by sales performance and commissions (also known as residuals) earned from those sales. Commission-based employment is more widespread in some areas than others, such as real estate or software sales, and they are a different sort of work that you won’t discover on traditional job sites. Insurance sales agents sell one or more types of insurance, for example, life, health, property, etc.  They contact potential customers, explain features of different policies, and help clients choose plans. According to their reviews, rock-star salespeople at SAP bring in $82,769 a year in commission, on average, making this global software firm the second best company for salespeople. Redwood City, Calif.-based Oracle holds the No. 3 spot, with an average annual commission of $81,713.

Outside salespeople who operate from home on a commission basis are normally exempt, and they are also generally independent contractors. This is a crucial consideration when it comes to determining how you will arrange payment. If you want someone who works only on commission, you’ll have to offer them leads to contact or meet with. If they’re intended to prospect as well, you’ll need to offer them a salary or have a training period with compensation to get them up and running.

Without effective employee management, this dynamic will trouble relationships between coworkers or create a hostile work atmosphere. Building camaraderie through team-building activities and sharing strategies can transform competition into collaborative success. Even though the above benefits are attractive, the rewards of commission-based pay can come at a high cost, especially for those who aren’t self-driven or ready to have a variable income. In case you want a view of the complete picture to make your top 10 commission-based jobs decision, here are some of the potential disadvantages of commission-based work. Using the example above, that would snag you $15,000 to $18,000 on that $300,000 sale.

• (Sorry.) If you’re wondering how (and how much) bonuses and commission get taxed, read this.
• I have heard there are some 100% commission jobs out there that have real upside potential.
• Because of these frauds, several employment platforms, such as FlexJobs and Craigslist, no longer accept commission-only work.
• Consumer loan administrators generally need a high school diploma and on-the-job training.
• Pharmaceutical sales reps visit doctors’ offices, hospitals, and medical facilities in their designated territory.

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Many people hesitate to take a commission-based job because of the risk of a slow production month. Nevertheless, some professionals feel motivated by the possibility of gaining more money out of their efforts. As career advancement experts, the folks here at Zippia have observed what sets top-performing sales professionals ahead of the pack. However, payroll structures can differ in how much commissions compose total compensation, as well as other factors. In this article, we’ll explain the different types of commission and how much you can earn. You’ll also learn the benefits of working a commission-based job, as well as tips to help you succeed.

Sales engineers are typically responsible for assessing the client’s current equipment, mechanical systems, or software stack, understanding the customer’s needs, challenges, and goals, and creating a customized solution. Sales engineers hold a unique role that’s a hybrid of sales, engineering, science, and technology. Typically, sales engineers are employed by companies that sell complex technology related to equipment or mechanical systems. Falling short on goals will most likely lead to losing the job or having fewer growth opportunities. Additionally, economic drawbacks can impact job availability, as companies may be forced to restructure sales teams.

• Commission-based jobs aren’t for everyone, but for those with resilience and a strong drive, they offer a pathway to financial freedom and control over earnings.
• Individuals in the commission-based business, like those in many other industries, tend to know other people in it.
• When hiring, you are often awarded a commission for each candidate you succeed in hiring – usually a percentage of their annual salary.

Hiring someone on commission or close to it and maintaining them as a contractor or 1099 may help you save money on things like payroll taxes, benefits, and other expenses (think office space, fringe benefits). You may publish your job now that you have a job description and a prospective commission plan. There’s no need to disclose your commission plan in its entirety, although you may wish to include the possible profits and, if applicable, basic pay. To get the proper individuals to apply for your position, or to send it to possible applicants, you’ll need a good job description.

There are trained advisors on hand to offer you confidential advice. If you are concerned that you or someone you care about has a drinking problem there is help available. This pamphlet answers many of the common questions people have about alcoholism and A.A. The Healing Place is available 24/7 to discuss your treatment options. Their representatives will discuss whether their facility may be an option for you.

Self-Management and Recovery Training

This is especially true if, over time, someone has made many mistakes that have affected their quality of life. We must remember that the person in recovery is facing a whole new set of challenges. Relapses and setbacks are common throughout the recovery process. Try to be compassionate and understanding when these things happen. Over time, they will begin to learn how to deal with these obstacles without giving in to the temptation to use alcohol as a coping mechanism.

Find help for substance abuse

If you are willing to commit to alcohol abstinence, you should consider joining a support group like Alcoholics Anonymous — or AA. Such groups generally keep your identity anonymous to maintain your privacy. Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Online groups also provide a sense of anonymity, which might be beneficial for those who have anxiety about going to an in-person meeting. After completing an in-app questionnaire, you can participate in community conversations, track your long- and short-term goals, and receive expert support.

• Additional meetings are led by Recovery Dharma Online, a peer-led effort coordinated by members of the Recovery Dharma group.
• Another significant effect of peer support groups is the increase in the participant’s sense of self-efficacy and, as a result, a decrease in risky behaviors.
• A program run by individuals in recovery from an alcohol use disorder (AUD), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) teaches you how to get and remain sober long-term.

Will My Insurance Cover Rehab?

However, if you attend a few sessions and feel like it’s not for you, there are other peer group options for you to explore. Alcoholics Anonymous or AA is the most widely available self-help group for alcoholics in treatment and recovery. The organization has more than 120,000 support for alcoholics groups in roughly 180 countries.

You can create a telehealth care team by combining a therapist with an addiction doctor for medications support. Since 1892, the American Psychological Association (APA) has been an essential resource for promoting research related to the studies of alcoholism and mental health. The organization has an updated list of psychologists across the nation and what they specialize in. Additionally, their database is a great tool for finding the latest resources encompassing an array of psychological subjects. There are many resources available both to those struggling to overcome an alcohol use disorder and to the loved ones who are trying to support them. But some people will need a short stay in a medically supported unit so they can receive safe treatment of their withdrawal symptoms or other problems.

Acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions increase awareness and acceptance of present-moment experiences. Mindfulness-based skill-building strategies promote flexible, rather than autopilot, responses to triggers that can prompt drinking. History and current activities; what is alcoholism sharing from groups, service committees, and individual A.A. Anyone with a desire to stop drinking is welcome, regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, income or profession.

These calls are offered at no cost to you and with no obligation to enter into treatment. We receive advertising fees from purchases through the BetterHelp links below. Getting the right support can be crucial to maintaining control in the future.

During each meeting, six to 10 women take part in a group discussion that’s led by a certified facilitator. Even though in-person meeting availability is limited, WFS also has phone support, online chat meetings, and a 24/7 message board. Meetings are 60 to 90 minutes long and take place either online https://inanngochiep.com/2025/07/01/why-does-tequila-make-me-sick-12-do-s-and-don-ts/ or in person. Trained volunteers or professionals lead the sessions, and members may benefit from group discussions and lessons on different kinds of coping tools.

Founded in 1975, WFS is based on “The New Life Program,” which emphasizes self-help, positive thinking, and healthy lifestyle choices. The program includes 13 affirmations that promote self-empowerment and emotional and spiritual growth. Based on clinical experience, many health care providers believe that support from friends and family members is important in overcoming alcohol problems. But friends and family may feel unsure about how best to provide the support needed. The groups for family and friends listed in the “Resources” section may be a good starting point. Research has shown positive outcomes for those participating in peer support groups, as ongoing engagement in peer support groups can be a key predictor of sustained recovery.

• The GP may suggest different types of assessment and support options available to you, such as from local community alcohol services.
• And use the Navigator to choose quality care that is backed by science.
• Meetings are 60 to 90 minutes long and take place either online or in person.
• As members connect in person or online, they’re supported and encouraged to live in the present moment and not ruminate on destructive histories.
• Calls to numbers on a specific treatment center listing will be routed to that treatment center.

It’s up to all of us to break down the stigma surrounding addiction, promote awareness and understanding, and offer support and compassion to struggling people. By coming together and supporting charities that help alcoholics, we can make a real difference in the lives of those affected by addiction. Let us work together towards a world where everyone can access the support they need to achieve lasting recovery. Listening to peers having an experience with or a history of alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction may help you get the confidence to push forward your sobriety process. Commitment to a support group and reducing alcohol intake will ultimately lower the chances of engaging in high-risk behaviors that could affect you negatively.

For example, research suggests that women are more likely than men to experience hangovers and alcohol-induced blackouts at comparable doses of alcohol.5,6 Other biological differences may contribute as well. During the COVID-19 pandemic, NIAAA developed a list of web-based resources for the research community, healthcare professionals, and the general public regarding the potential for alcohol misuse, including information about telehealth for alcohol treatment. NIAAA also supported research on trends in alcohol use during the pandemic, and served as the lead institute for the NIH RADx-rad request for applications on “Automatic Detection and Tracing of SARs-CoV-2” to support proof-of-concept research on automatic, real-time detection and tracing of SARS-COV-2. BAC is largely determined by how much and how quickly a person drinks alcohol as well as by the body’s rates of alcohol absorption, distribution, and metabolism.

Join a Study NIAAA Clinical Trials

When alcohol is consumed, it passes from the stomach and intestines into the bloodstream, where it distributes itself evenly throughout all the water in the body’s tissues and fluids. Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach increases the rate of absorption, resulting in higher blood alcohol level, compared to drinking on a full stomach. In either case, however, alcohol is still absorbed into the bloodstream at a much faster rate than it is metabolized. Thus, the blood alcohol concentration builds when a person has additional drinks before prior drinks are metabolized.

Extreme Binge Drinking

The tertiary alcohol tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), also known as 2-methylbutan-2-ol (2M2B), has a history of use as a hypnotic and anesthetic, as do other tertiary alcohols such as methylpentynol, ethchlorvynol, and chloralodol. In addition, NIAAA developed and launched an online course for health care professionals to learn more about screening youth for alcohol problems. Doctors, nurses, psychologists, and others can take the online training to earn continuing medical education credits.

• Although drinking any amount of alcohol can carry certain risks (for information on impairments at lower levels, please see the NIAAA BAC-level infographic), crossing the binge threshold increases the risk of acute harm, such as blackouts and overdoses.
• Most other alcohols are considered poisonous.11 In general, higher alcohols are less toxic.119 Alcoholic beverages are sometimes laced with toxic alcohols.
• Acetaldehyde is then further metabolized into ionic acetate by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).
• Alcohol often produces rewarding feelings such as euphoria or pleasure that trick the brain into thinking the decision to drink alcohol was a positive one and that motivate drinking again in the future.
• Also in this category are older adults, anyone planning to drive a vehicle or operate machinery, and individuals who participate in activities that require skill, coordination, and alertness.

In adults, drinking alcohol impairs decision-making and impulse control, and can lead to a range of negative consequences. For adolescents, drinking alcohol can make it even more difficult to control impulses and make healthy choices. In both adolescents and adults, drinking also compromises the ability to sense danger by disrupting the function of a brain region called the amygdala.

Longer-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Brain and Behavior

The Bratt System was a system that was used in Sweden (1919–1955) and similarly in Finland (1944–1970) to control alcohol consumption, by rationing of liquor. When a certain amount of alcohol had been bought, the owner of the booklet had to wait until next month to buy more. Although ethanol is the most prevalent alcohol in alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages contain several types of psychoactive alcohols, that are categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary, and secondary alcohols, are oxidized to aldehydes, and ketones, respectively, while tertiary alcohols are generally resistant to oxidation.122 The Lucas test differentiates between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

Understanding Alcohol Drinking Patterns

To a lesser degree, other enzymes (CYP2E1 and catalase) also break down alcohol to acetaldehyde. Heavy drinking thresholds for women are lower because after consumption, alcohol distributes itself evenly in body water, and pound for pound, women have proportionally less water in their bodies than men do. This means that after a woman and a man of the same weight drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) will tend to be higher, putting her at greater risk for harm. Excessive alcohol consumption is a component cause of more than 200 disease and injury conditions, including alcohol use disorder, liver cirrhosis, cancer, and physical injury.

In 1917, the Bureau of the Census began collecting uniform statistics from mental hospitals across the country. Metronidazole is an antibacterial agent that kills bacteria by damaging cellular DNA and hence cellular function.92 Metronidazole is usually given to people who have diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile bacteria. Patients who are taking metronidazole are sometimes advised to avoid alcohol, even after 1 hour following the last dose. Although older data suggested a possible disulfiram-like effect of metronidazole, newer data drinking levels defined national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism niaaa has challenged this and suggests it does not actually have this effect.

• 2012—NIH announced the Trans-NIH Substance Use, Abuse, and Addiction Functional Integration to enhance the NIH Institute and Center (IC) collaborations around this important scientific and public health topic.
• 2013—NIAAA helped establish and participated in the NIH partnership, Collaborative Research on Addiction at NIH (CRAN).
• Prior to taking the helm at NIAAA, he served as Professor and Chair of the Scripps’ Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders and Director of the Alcohol Research Center at the Scripps Research Institute.
• In 1917, the Bureau of the Census began collecting uniform statistics from mental hospitals across the country.
• The number of drinks a person consumes and the rate at which he or she consumes them influence how much alcohol enters the brain and how impaired that person becomes.

In the NIAAA guide to drinking levels, for women, heavy alcohol use is defined as consuming 4 or more drinks on any day and more than 8 drinks per week. For men, heavy drinking is defined as consuming 5 or more drinks on any day and more than 15 drinks per week. Studies show that women start to have alcohol-related problems sooner and at lower drinking amounts than men and for multiple reasons.3 On average, women weigh less than men. Also, alcohol resides predominantly in body water, and pound for pound, women have less water in their bodies than men. This means that after a woman and a man of the same weight drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman’s blood alcohol concentration (the amount of alcohol in the blood) will tend to be higher, putting her at greater risk for harm.

These definitions facilitate objective assessments of how much a person is drinking, enable comparisons of alcohol consumption within and across studies, and help consumers follow low-risk drinking guidelines. AUD is a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. Alcohol misuse, which includes binge drinking and heavy drinking, increases your risk of harmful consequences, including AUD. The more drinks on any day and the more alcohol misuse over time, the greater the risk.

NIAAA and NIDA have made significant progress toward integrating their intramural research programs in substance use, abuse, and addiction, including the appointment of a single Clinical Director for both Institutes and the establishment of a joint genetics intramural research program and a common optogenetics lab. By pooling resources and expertise, the Functional Integration will identify cross-cutting areas of research and confront challenges faced by multiple Institutes and Centers. 2007—NIAAA partnered with NIDA, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and HBO to produce Addiction, an Emmy-award winning documentary exploring alcohol and drug addiction, treatment, and recovery, and featuring interviews with medical researchers working to better understand and treat addictive disorders. Congress on Alcohol and Health was issued in December, part of a series of triennial reports established to chart the progress made by alcohol research toward understanding, preventing, and treating alcohol abuse and alcoholism. 1970—The Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act was passed, establishing NIAAA as part of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).

Let’s take a closer look at how the NIAAA defines excessive drinking and relatively safe moderate drinking. It is well established that alcohol misuse—including binge drinking and heavy alcohol use—increases the risk of many short- and long-term consequences. These consequences range from accidental injuries to worsened mental and physical health conditions to death. The risk of harm typically increases as the amount of alcohol consumed increases.

Alcohol withdrawal

Through regular conversations about alcohol and by parents being a positive role model with their own drinking, parents can shape kids’ attitudes about alcohol and set them up to make healthy choices. 2023—As part of its efforts to raise awareness of and combat underage drinking, NIAAA launched the web resources NIAAA for Middle School and NIAAA for Teens, as well as a virtual reality and video experience, Alcohol and Your Brain. 2018—CRAN, based on the need to understand how substance use and other experiences during adolescence influence development, established the Adolescent Behavioral and Cognitive (ABCD) Study(link is external), a large scale, long-term, longitudinal study. In 2018, the ABCD study successfully completed its baseline enrollment of 11,874 participants ages 9 to 10 and began follow-up assessments which will continue into adulthood. NIAAA also launched the Alcohol Treatment Navigator website to help adults find alcohol treatment for themselves or an adult loved one.

Ethanol is produced naturally as a byproduct of the metabolic processes of yeast and hence is present in any yeast habitat, including even endogenously in humans, but it does not cause raised blood alcohol content as seen in the rare medical condition auto-brewery syndrome (ABS). It is manufactured through hydration of ethylene or by brewing via fermentation of sugars with yeast (most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The sugars are commonly obtained from sources like steeped cereal grains (e.g., barley), grape juice, and sugarcane products (e.g., molasses, sugarcane juice). Dr. Koob began his career investigating the neurobiology of emotion, particularly how the brain processes reward and stress. He subsequently applied basic research on emotions, including on the anatomical and neurochemical underpinnings of emotional function, to alcohol and drug addiction, significantly broadening knowledge of the adaptations within reward and stress neurocircuits that lead to addiction.